The disease affects 2–4% of the population. About 75% of skin involvement improves with creams alone. These treatments include steroid creams, vitamin D 3 cream, ultraviolet light, immunosuppressive drugs, such as methotrexate, and biologic therapies targeting specific immunologic pathways. There is no known cure for psoriasis, but various treatments can help control the symptoms. Diagnosis is typically based on the signs and symptoms. The underlying mechanism involves the immune system reacting to skin cells. Infections and psychological stress can also play a role. Symptoms often worsen during winter and with certain medications, such as beta blockers or NSAIDs. This suggests that genetic factors predispose to psoriasis. If one twin has psoriasis, the other twin is three times more likely to be affected if the twins are identical than if they are nonidentical. Psoriasis is generally thought to be a genetic disease that is triggered by environmental factors. This may include pits in the nails or changes in nail color. Fingernails and toenails are affected in most people with psoriasis at some point in time. Erythrodermic psoriasis occurs when the rash becomes very widespread, and can develop from any of the other types. Inverse psoriasis forms red patches in skin folds. Pustular psoriasis presents as small, noninfectious, pus-filled blisters. Guttate psoriasis has drop-shaped lesions. Areas of the body most commonly affected are the back of the forearms, shins, navel area, and scalp. It typically presents as red patches with white scales on top. Plaque psoriasis, also known as psoriasis vulgaris, makes up about 90% of cases. The five main types of psoriasis are plaque, guttate, inverse, pustular, and erythrodermic. Injury to the skin can trigger psoriatic skin changes at that spot, which is known as the Koebner phenomenon. Psoriasis varies in severity from small, localized patches to complete body coverage. These areas are red, pink, or purple, dry, itchy, and scaly. Psoriasis is a long-lasting, noncontagious autoimmune disease characterized by raised areas of abnormal skin. Steroid creams, vitamin D 3 cream, ultraviolet light, Immunosuppressive drugs such as methotrexate Genetic disease triggered by environmental factors Red (purple on darker skin), itchy, scaly patches of skin Immunology, rheumatology and other specialties (e.g., cardiology and vascular medicine, nephrology, hepatology/ gastroenterology, endocrinology, haematology) (indirectly/by association)
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